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SWEETPOTATO
WHITEFLY Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) -- Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) (Contacts) ----- CLICK on Photo to enlarge &
search for Subject Matter with Ctrl/F. GO TO ALL: Bio-Control Cases
Sweetpotato whitefly is a pest of many kinds of field crops in
tropical and subtropical areas of the world (Anonymous 1986). In 1990 an outbreak of this pest occurred
in southeastern California especially on cotton and vegetable crops. This whitefly is known to vector plant
viruses (Costa 1976) and causes growth disorders of plants (Hoelmer et al.
1991, Schuster et al. 1990, 1991; Yokomi et al. 1990). It was reported as early as 1894 from the
United States by Russell (1975), but rarely was problematic until around 1981
in the southwestern United States (Johnson et al. 1982) and Florida in 1986
(Hamon & Salguero 1987). It is
unclear if its recent problem status in California and Arizona is due to
pesticide resistance, a destruction of natural enemies or an invasion of a
new biotype from Mexico and Florida.
As of 1999 there has been no concentrated effort to import natural
enemies against the sweetpotato whitefly; but if the problem persists, some
effort in classical biological control will certainly be made.
The following references include some related species of whiteflies
which may afford information on biological and other means of control. REFERENCES: [Additional references may be found at: MELVYL
Library ] Anonymous.
1986. Distribution, p.
13-16. In: M. J. W. Cock
(ed.), Bemisia tabaci - a literature survey on
the cotton whitefly with an annotated bibliography. FAO & CAP Int. Inst. Biol. Contr. 121 p. Bennett, F.
D., D. J. Schuster, K. A. Hoelmer, L. S. Osborne & G. Evans. 1990. Survey of the
sweetpotato whitefly parasitoids in cultivated and wild hosts in Florida and
the Neotropics, p. 75-6. In: Sweetpotato Whitefly- Mediated Vegetable Disorders in Florida. Proc. Univ. Florida IFAS Workshop,
Homestead, FL., Feb. 1990. Cherry, R. & R. V. Dowell. 1979.
Predators of citrus blackfly (Hom.: Aleyrodidae). Entomophaga 24: 385-91. Costa, A.
C. 1976. Whitefly-
transmitted plant diseases. Annu.
Rev. Plant Path. 14: 429-49. Drea, J. J., Jr. 1956. A biological
analysis of the California Chilocorini
(Coleoptera: Coccinellidae).
Ph.D. Thesis, Univ. Calif., Berkeley, CA. Gerling, D.
1990. Natural enemies of
whiteflies: predators and parasitoids,
p. 147-85. In: D. Gerling
(ed.), Whiteflies: Their Bionomics,
Pest Status and Management. Intercept
Press, Andover, U.K. 348 p. Gold, C. S.
& M. A. Altieri. 1989.
The effects of intercropping and mixed varieties of predators and parasitoids
of cassava whiteflies (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) in Colombia. Gordon, R. D.
1985. The Coccinellidae
(Coleoptera) of America north of Mexico.
J. New York. Ent. Soc. 93:
1-912. Hagen, K.
1962. Biology and ecology of
predaceous Coccinellidae. Annu. Rev.
Ent. 7: 289-326. Hamon, A.
B. & V. Salguero. 1987. Bemisia tabaci, sweetpotato whitefly, in Florida. Ent. Circ. N-292. Div. Plant Ind., Florida Dept. Agr. &
Consumer Serv. 2 p. Hoelmer, K. A. & L. S. Osborne. 1990.
Biological control of sweetpotato whitefly in Florida with predators
and parasitoids, p. 77-8. In: Proc. Workshop on Sweetpotato Whitefly Mediated Vegetable
Disorders in Florida. Homestead, FL.
Feb. 1990, IFAS, Univ. Florida. Hoelmer, K.
A., L. S. Osborne & R. K. Yokomi.
1991. Association of foliage disorders in
Florida with feeding by sweetpotato whitefly, Bemisia tabaci. Florida Ent. 74: 162-66. Johnson, M. W., N. C. Toscano, H. T. Reynolds,
E. S. Sylvester, K. Kido & E. T. Natwick. 1982. Whiteflies cause
problems for southern California growers.
Calif. Agr. 36: 24-6. Lopez-Avila,
A. 1986. Natural enemies, p.
27-35. In: M. J. W. Cock
(ed.), Bemisia tabaci - a Literature Survey on
the Cotton Whitefly with an Annotated bibliography. FAO & CAB Int. Inst. Biol. Contr. 121 p. Malausa, J.
C., E. Franco & P. Brun.
1988. Acclimatation sur la
Cote D'Azur et en Corse de Serangium
parcesetosum (Col.:
Coccinellidae) predateur de l'aleurode des citrus, Dialeurodes citri
(Hom.: Aleyrodidae). Entomophaga
33: 517-19. Muma, M.
H. 1956. Life cycles of four
species of ladybeetles. Florida Ent.
39: 115-18. Russell, L.
1975. Collection records of Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius in the United States. U.S. Dept. Agr. Coop. Econ. Insect Rept.
25: 229-30. SAS Institute.
1982. SAS User's Guide: Statistics. SAS Inst., Cary, North Carolina Savoiskaya, G. I. 1960. Morphology and
taxonomy of coccinellid larvae from southeast Kazakhstan. Ent. Rev. (USSR) 39: 80-8. Schuster, D.
J., T. F. Mueller, J. B. Kring & J. F. Price. 1990. Relationship of the sweetpotato whitefly
to a new tomato fruit disorder in Florida.
Hortscience 25: 1618-20. Schuster, D. J., J. B. Kring & J. F.
Price. 1991. Association of the sweetpotato whitefly
with a silverleaf disorder of squash.
Hortscience 26: 155-56. Smith, H. D., H. L. Maltby & E. J.
Jimenez. 1964. Biological control of the citrus blackfly
in Mexico. US. Dept. Agric. Tech. Bull.
1311. Stegner, B. L.
& A. Bostrom. 1984.
CRISP Interactive Statistical Package, Crunch Software. Timofeeva, T. V. & H.-D. Nyaun. 1978.
Morphological and biological characteristics of the Indian coccinellid
Serangium parcesetosum (Sicard) (Coleop.,
Coccinellidae) a predator of the citrus whitefly in Adzharia. Ent. Rev. 15: 210-14. Yokomi, R. K., K. A. Hoelmer & L. S.
Osborne. 1990. Relationships between the sweetpotato
whitefly and the squash silverleaf disorder.
Phytopath. 80: 895-900. |